What causes pipes under a slab to fail?
Abrasion. When a slab is poured, pipes are bedded in sand or gravel, sometimes pressed against rebar or the concrete itself. Each time hot water flows, the copper expands slightly and rubs against whatever it touches. Over thousands of cycles that rubbing wears a thin spot, then a hole.
Water chemistry. Hard water leaves mineral scale, and water that is aggressive toward copper slowly pits the inside of the pipe. Pitting tends to produce pinholes, often several along one stretch of line. High water velocity, from undersized pipe or a recirculating pump, speeds this wear on hot lines.
Ground movement. Clay-rich soils swell when wet and shrink when dry, and Southern California swings between long dry summers and short wet winters. Hillside grading and the occasional earthquake add stress. Pipes fixed in concrete cannot flex much, so joints and bends take the strain.
Installation and pressure. A kinked bend, a poorly made joint or a line that was nicked during construction can fail decades later. Static pressure that runs too high, often because a pressure regulator has worn out, puts constant extra load on every pipe in the house.